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rectangular dolmen
A rectangular dolmen ((ドイツ語:Rechteckdolmen)), extended dolmen (German: ''erweiteter Dolmen'') or enlarged dolmen〔Bakker, JA (1992). ''The Dutch Hunebedden'', University of Michigan.〕 is a specific type of megalith, rectangular in shape, with upright sidestones and, usually, two capstones. The term rectangular dolmen was coined by Ekkehard Aner〔This detailed classification of dolmens into subtypes is only common in Germany. In the Netherlands and Poland these types do not occur. In Denmark and Sweden a distinction is only made between dolmens (''Dysse, Döse'') and passage graves. In Denmark the type of mound is used to distinguish dolmens in the nomenclature (''Runddysse'' and ''Langdysse'')〕 and is used especially in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, where dolmens with this type of ground plan primarily occur. A more precise term, however, is extended dolmen, used by Ewald Schuldt and Ernst Sprockhoff, because these types of dolmen also occur with trapezoidal ground plans (e.g. the Gnewitz).
Neolithic monuments are an expression of the culture and ideology of neolithic communities. Their emergence and function are a hallmark of social development.〔J. Müller In: Varia neolithica VI 2009 p. 15〕
== Capstones and passageway ==
Whilst the simple dolmen as a rule only had one capstone (but could have two), the rectangular dolmen, which differs primarily in the orientation of its support stones (standing) from the simple dolmen (lying), usually had two capstones (but also can have just one). Once a third capstone is added, it is called a great dolmen (''Großdolmen'') in Germany. A sub-grouping of this type of dolmen is based on the ever-present entranceway, which, for example, could be designed with a roof-height half stone or single-angle (''einwinkelnd'') support stones.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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